大般涅槃經卷第二T12n0374_p0371c11T12n0374_p0371c12
\nT12n0374_p0371c13[＊]壽命品第一之二T12n0374_p0371c14爾時會中有優婆塞，是拘尸那城工巧之子，T12n0374_p0371c15名曰純陀，與其同類十五人俱。為令世間得T12n0374_p0371c16善果故，捨身威儀，從座而起，偏袒右肩，右膝T12n0374_p0371c17著地，合掌向佛，悲泣墮淚，頂禮佛足，而白佛T12n0374_p0371c18言：「唯願世尊及比丘僧，哀受我等最後供養，T12n0374_p0371c19為度無量諸眾生故。世尊！我等從今無主、無T12n0374_p0371c20親、無救、無護、無歸、無趣、貧窮飢困，欲從如來T12n0374_p0371c21求將來食，唯願哀愍，受我微供，然後乃入於T12n0374_p0371c22般涅槃。世尊！譬如剎利、若婆羅門、毘舍、首陀，T12n0374_p0371c23以貧窮故，遠至他國，役力農作，得好調牛，良T12n0374_p0371c24田平正，無諸沙鹵、惡草、株杌，唯悕天雨。言調T12n0374_p0371c25牛者，喻身口七。良田平正，喻於智慧。除去沙T12n0374_p0371c26鹵、惡草、株杌，喻除煩惱。世尊！我今身有調T12n0374_p0371c27牛、良田、除去株杌，唯悕如來甘露法雨。貧四T12n0374_p0371c28姓者，即我身是，貧於無上法之財寶。唯願哀T12n0374_p0371c29愍，除斷我等貧窮困苦，拯及無量苦惱眾生。T12n0374_p0372a01我今所供，雖復微少，冀得充足如來大眾。我T12n0374_p0372a02今無主、無親、無歸，願垂矜愍，如羅睺羅。」
\nT12n0374_p0372a03爾時世尊、一切種智、無上調御，告純陀曰：「善T12n0374_p0372a04哉，善哉！我今為汝除斷貧窮，無上法雨雨汝T12n0374_p0372a05身田，令生法芽。汝今於我，欲求壽命、色力、T12n0374_p0372a06安、辯，我當施汝常命、色力、安、無礙辯。何以T12n0374_p0372a07故？純陀！施食有二，果報無差。何等為二？一T12n0374_p0372a08者受已，得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提；二者受已，T12n0374_p0372a09入於涅槃。我今受汝最後供養，令汝具足檀T12n0374_p0372a10波羅蜜。」
\n爾時純陀即白佛言：「如佛所說，二T12n0374_p0372a11施果報無差別者，是義不然。何以故？先受T12n0374_p0372a12施者，煩惱未盡，未得成就一切種智，亦未能T12n0374_p0372a13令眾生具足檀波羅蜜；後受施者，煩惱已盡，T12n0374_p0372a14已得成就一切種智，能令眾生普得具足檀T12n0374_p0372a15波羅蜜。先受施者，直是眾生；後受施者，是天T12n0374_p0372a16中天。先受施者，是雜食身、煩惱之身、是後邊T12n0374_p0372a17身、是無常身；後受施者，無煩惱身、金剛之身、T12n0374_p0372a18法身、常身、無邊之身。云何而言，二施果報等T12n0374_p0372a19無差別？先受施者，未能具足檀波羅蜜乃至T12n0374_p0372a20般若波羅蜜，唯得肉眼，未得佛眼乃至慧眼；T12n0374_p0372a21後受施者，已得具足檀波羅蜜乃至般若波羅T12n0374_p0372a22蜜，具足佛眼乃至慧眼。云何而言二施果報T12n0374_p0372a23等無差別？世尊！先受施者，受已食噉，入腹消T12n0374_p0372a24化，得命、得色、得力、得安、得無礙辯；後受施者，T12n0374_p0372a25不食、不消、無五事果；云何而言二施果報等T12n0374_p0372a26無差別？」
\nT12n0374_p0372a27佛言：「善男子！如來已於無量無邊阿僧祇劫，T12n0374_p0372a28無有食身、煩惱之身，無後邊身，常身、法身、金T12n0374_p0372a29剛之身。善男子，未見佛性者，名煩惱身、雜食T12n0374_p0372b01之身，是後邊身。菩薩爾時受飲食已，入金剛T12n0374_p0372b02三昧，此食消已，即見佛性，得阿耨多羅三藐T12n0374_p0372b03三菩提，是故我言，二施果報等無差別。菩薩T12n0374_p0372b04爾時破壞四魔，今入涅槃，亦破四魔，是故我T12n0374_p0372b05言二施果報等無差別。菩薩爾時雖不廣說T12n0374_p0372b06十二部經，先已通達，今入涅槃，廣為眾生分T12n0374_p0372b07別演說，是故我言二施果報等無差別。善男T12n0374_p0372b08子！如來之身，已於無量阿僧祇劫不受飲食。T12n0374_p0372b09為諸聲聞說言，先受難陀、難陀波羅二牧牛T12n0374_p0372b10女所奉乳糜，然後乃得阿耨多羅三藐三菩T12n0374_p0372b11提；我實不食。我今為於此會大眾，是故受T12n0374_p0372b12汝最後所奉；實亦不食。」
\nT12n0374_p0372b13爾時大眾聞佛世尊，普為大會受於純陀最後T12n0374_p0372b14供養，歡喜踊躍同聲讚言：「善哉，善哉！希有T12n0374_p0372b15純陀！汝今立字，名不虛稱。言純陀者，名解妙T12n0374_p0372b16義。汝今建立如是大義，是故依實從義立名，T12n0374_p0372b17故名純陀。汝今現世得大名利，德願滿足。甚T12n0374_p0372b18奇純陀！生在人中，復得難得無上之利。善哉T12n0374_p0372b19純陀！如優曇花世間希有，佛出於世亦復甚T12n0374_p0372b20難，值佛生信聞法復難，佛臨涅槃最後供養，T12n0374_p0372b21能辦是事復難於是。南無純陀，南無純陀！T12n0374_p0372b22汝今已具檀波羅蜜，猶如秋月，十五日夜，清T12n0374_p0372b23淨圓滿，無諸雲翳，一切眾生無不瞻仰；汝亦T12n0374_p0372b24如是，而為我等之所瞻仰。佛已受汝最後供T12n0374_p0372b25養，令汝具足檀波羅蜜。南無純陀！是故說汝T12n0374_p0372b26如月盛滿，一切眾生無不瞻仰。南無純陀！雖T12n0374_p0372b27受人身，心如佛心。汝今純陀，真是佛子，如羅T12n0374_p0372b28睺羅，等無有異。」爾時大眾即說偈言：
\nT12n0374_p0372b29爾時純陀歡喜踊躍，譬如有人，父母卒喪忽T12n0374_p0372c09然還活，純陀歡喜亦復如是，復起禮佛，而說T12n0374_p0372c10偈言：
\nT12n0374_p0372c11佛告純陀：「如是如是，如汝所說。佛出世難T12n0374_p0373a20如優曇花，值佛生信亦復甚難，佛臨涅槃最T12n0374_p0373a21後施食，能具足檀復倍甚難。汝今純陀！莫T12n0374_p0373a22大愁苦，應生踊躍，喜自慶幸，得值最後供養T12n0374_p0373a23如來，成就具足檀波羅蜜，不應請佛久住於T12n0374_p0373a24世。汝今當觀諸佛境界，悉皆無常，諸行性相，T12n0374_p0373a25亦復如是。即為純陀而說偈言：
\nT12n0374_p0373a26爾時純陀白佛言：「世尊！如是如是，誠如聖T12n0374_p0373b29教。我今所有智慧微淺猶如蚊虻，何能思議T12n0374_p0373c01如來涅槃深奧之義？世尊！我今已與諸大龍T12n0374_p0373c02象菩薩摩訶薩，斷諸結漏文殊師利法王子T12n0374_p0373c03等。世尊！譬如幼年初得出家，雖未受具即T12n0374_p0373c04墮僧數。我亦如是，以佛菩薩神通力故，得T12n0374_p0373c05在如是大菩薩數。是故我今，欲令如來，久住T12n0374_p0373c06於世，不入涅槃。譬如飢人，終無變吐；願使世T12n0374_p0373c07尊亦復如是，常住於世，不入涅槃。」
\nT12n0374_p0373c08爾時文殊師利法王子告純陀言：「純陀！汝今T12n0374_p0373c09不應發如是言，欲使如來常住於世，不般涅T12n0374_p0373c10槃，如彼飢人無所變吐。汝今當觀諸行性T12n0374_p0373c11相，如是觀行具空三昧，欲求正法應如是學。」
\nT12n0374_p0373c12純陀問言：「文殊師利！夫如來者，天上人中最T12n0374_p0373c13尊最勝，如是如來，豈是行耶？若是行者，為生T12n0374_p0373c14滅法。譬如水泡，速起速滅，往來流轉，猶如車T12n0374_p0373c15輪，一切諸行亦復如是。我聞諸天，壽命極長，T12n0374_p0373c16云何世尊是天中天，壽命更促不滿百年？如T12n0374_p0373c17聚落主，勢得自在，以自在力，能制他人，是人T12n0374_p0373c18福盡，其後貧賤，人所輕蔑，為他策使。所以者T12n0374_p0373c19何？失勢力故。世尊亦爾，同於諸行，同諸行者，T12n0374_p0373c20則不得稱為天中天。何以故？諸行即是生死T12n0374_p0373c21法故。是故文殊！勿觀如來同於諸行。
\nT12n0374_p0373c22「復次文殊！為知而說、不知而說，而言如來T12n0374_p0373c23同於諸行？設使如來同諸行者，則不得言於T12n0374_p0373c24三界中，為天中天、自在法王。譬如人王，有大T12n0374_p0373c25力士，其力當千，更無有能降伏之者，故稱T12n0374_p0373c26此人一人當千。如是力士，王所愛念，偏賜爵T12n0374_p0373c27祿，封賞自然。所以得稱當千人者，是人未必T12n0374_p0373c28力敵於千，但以種種伎藝所能能勝千故，故T12n0374_p0373c29稱當千。如來亦爾，降煩惱魔、陰魔、天魔、死魔，T12n0374_p0374a01是故如來名三界尊，如彼力士一人當千。以T12n0374_p0374a02是因緣，成就具足種種無量真實功德，故稱T12n0374_p0374a03如來、應、正遍知。文殊師利！汝今不應憶想分T12n0374_p0374a04別，以如來法同於諸行。譬如巨富長者生子，T12n0374_p0374a05相師占之有短壽相。父母聞已，知其不任紹T12n0374_p0374a06繼家嗣，不復愛重，視如芻草。夫短壽者，不為T12n0374_p0374a07沙門、婆羅門等男女大小之所敬念。若使如T12n0374_p0374a08來同諸行者，亦復不為一切世間人天眾生T12n0374_p0374a09之所奉敬，如來所說不變、不異、真實之法亦T12n0374_p0374a10無受者。是故文殊！不應說言如來同於一T12n0374_p0374a11切諸行。
\nT12n0374_p0374a12「復次文殊！譬如貧女，無有居家救護之者，T12n0374_p0374a13加復病苦飢渴所逼，遊行乞丐，止他客舍，寄T12n0374_p0374a14生一子，是客舍主驅逐令去。其產未久，携抱T12n0374_p0374a15是兒，欲至他國。於其中路，遇惡風雨，寒苦並T12n0374_p0374a16至，多為蚊虻、蜂螫、毒蟲之所唼食，經由恒T12n0374_p0374a17河，抱兒而度，其水漂疾而不放捨，於是母子T12n0374_p0374a18遂共俱沒。如是女人慈念功德，命終之後，生T12n0374_p0374a19於梵天。文殊師利！若有善男子欲護正法，勿T12n0374_p0374a20說如來同於諸行、不同諸行！唯當自責，我今T12n0374_p0374a21愚癡，未有慧眼，如來正法不可思議。是故T12n0374_p0374a22不應宣說，如來定是有為、定是無為。若正見T12n0374_p0374a23者，應說如來定是無為。何以故？能為眾生T12n0374_p0374a24生善法故、生憐愍故。如彼貧女在於恒河，為T12n0374_p0374a25愛念子而捨身命。善男子！護法菩薩亦應如T12n0374_p0374a26是，寧捨身命，不說如來同於有為，當言如來T12n0374_p0374a27同於無為。以說如來同無為故，得阿耨多羅T12n0374_p0374a28三藐三菩提，如彼女人得生梵天。何以故？T12n0374_p0374a29以護法故。云何護法？所謂說言如來同於無T12n0374_p0374b01為。善男子！如是之人雖不求解脫，解脫自至；T12n0374_p0374b02如彼貧女，不求梵天，梵天自至。文殊師利！如T12n0374_p0374b03人遠行，中路疲極，寄止他舍，臥寐之中，其室T12n0374_p0374b04忽然大火卒起，即時驚寤，尋自思惟：『我於T12n0374_p0374b05今者定死不疑。』具慚愧故，以衣纏身，即便T12n0374_p0374b06命終，生忉利天。從是已後，滿八十返作大T12n0374_p0374b07梵王，滿百千世生於人中為轉輪王，是人不T12n0374_p0374b08復生三惡趣，展轉常生安樂之處。以是緣故，T12n0374_p0374b09文殊師利！若善男子有慚愧者，不應觀佛同T12n0374_p0374b10於諸行。文殊師利！外道邪見可說如來同於T12n0374_p0374b11有為，持戒比丘不應如是，於如來所生有為T12n0374_p0374b12想。若言如來是有為者，即是妄語；當知是T12n0374_p0374b13人死入地獄，如人自處於己舍宅。文殊師利！T12n0374_p0374b14如來真實是無為法，不應復言是有為也。汝T12n0374_p0374b15從今日於生死中，應捨無智，求於正智，當知T12n0374_p0374b16如來即是無為。若能如是觀如來者，具足當T12n0374_p0374b17得三十二相，速疾成就阿耨多羅三藐三菩T12n0374_p0374b18提。」
\n爾時文殊師利法王子讚純陀言：「善哉，善T12n0374_p0374b19哉！善男子！汝今已作長壽因緣，能知如來是T12n0374_p0374b20常住法、不變異法、無為之法。汝今如是善覆T12n0374_p0374b21如來有為之相，如彼火人，為慚愧故以衣T12n0374_p0374b22覆身，以是善心生忉利天，復為梵王、轉輪聖T12n0374_p0374b23王，不至惡趣，常受安樂。汝亦如是，善覆如來T12n0374_p0374b24有為相故，於未來世必定當得三十二相、八T12n0374_p0374b25十種好、十八不共法、無量壽命，不在生死、常T12n0374_p0374b26受安樂，不久得成應、正遍知。純陀！如來次T12n0374_p0374b27後自當廣說，我之與汝，俱亦當覆如來有為。T12n0374_p0374b28有為、無為且共置之，汝可隨時速施飯食，如T12n0374_p0374b29是施者，諸施中最。若比丘、比丘尼、優婆塞、優T12n0374_p0374c01婆夷，遠行疲極，所須之物，應當清淨，隨時給T12n0374_p0374c02與。如是速施，即是具足檀波羅蜜根本種子。T12n0374_p0374c03純陀！若有最後施佛及僧，若多、若少、若足、不T12n0374_p0374c04足，宜速及時，如來正爾當般涅槃。」
\n純陀答言：T12n0374_p0374c05「文殊師利！汝今何故，貪為此食，而言多少、足T12n0374_p0374c06與不足，令我時施？文殊師利！如來昔日苦行T12n0374_p0374c07六年，尚自支持，況於今日須臾間耶？文殊師T12n0374_p0374c08利！汝今實謂如來正覺受斯食耶？然我定知，T12n0374_p0374c09如來身者，即是法身，非為食身。」
\n爾時佛告文T12n0374_p0374c10殊師利：「如是如是，如純陀言。善哉，純陀！汝T12n0374_p0374c11已成就微妙大智，善入甚深大乘經典。」
\n文殊T12n0374_p0374c12師利語純陀言：「汝謂如來是無為者，如來之T12n0374_p0374c13身即是長壽；若作是知，佛所悅可。」
\n純陀答言：T12n0374_p0374c14「如來非獨悅可於我，亦復悅可一切眾生。」
\n文T12n0374_p0374c15殊師利言：「如來於汝及以於我、一切眾生皆T12n0374_p0374c16悉悅可。」
\n純陀答言：「汝不應言如來悅可。夫悅T12n0374_p0374c17可者，則是倒想。若有倒想，則是生死。有生死T12n0374_p0374c18者，即有為法。是故文殊！勿謂如來是有為也。T12n0374_p0374c19若言如來是有為者，我與仁者俱行顛倒。文T12n0374_p0374c20殊師利！如來無有愛念之想。夫愛念者，如T12n0374_p0374c21彼母牛愛念其子，雖復飢渴行求水草，若T12n0374_p0374c22足、不足，忽然還歸。諸佛世尊無有是念，等視T12n0374_p0374c23一切如羅睺羅。如是念者，即是諸佛智慧境T12n0374_p0374c24界。文殊師利！譬如國王，調御駕駟，欲令驢T12n0374_p0374c25車而及之者，無有是處。我與仁者亦復如是，T12n0374_p0374c26欲盡如來微密深奧，亦無是處。文殊師利！如T12n0374_p0374c27金翅鳥飛昇虛空無量由旬，下觀大海悉見T12n0374_p0374c28水性魚鼈、黿鼉、龜龍之屬，及見己影，如於明T12n0374_p0374c29鏡見諸色像。凡夫少智，不能籌量如是所見，T12n0374_p0375a01我與仁者亦復如是，不能籌量如來智慧。」
\n文T12n0374_p0375a02殊師利語純陀言：「如是如是，如汝所說。我T12n0374_p0375a03於此事，非為不達，直欲試汝諸菩薩事。」
\nT12n0374_p0375a04爾時世尊從其面門出種種光，其光明曜，照T12n0374_p0375a05文殊身。文殊師利遇斯光已，即知是事，尋告T12n0374_p0375a06純陀：「如來今者現是瑞相，不久必當入於涅T12n0374_p0375a07槃。汝先所設最後供養，宜時奉獻佛及大眾。T12n0374_p0375a08純陀當知，如來放是種種光明，非無因緣。」純T12n0374_p0375a09陀聞已，情塞默然。
\n佛告純陀：「汝所奉施佛及T12n0374_p0375a10大眾，今正是時，如來正爾當般涅槃。」第二、第T12n0374_p0375a11三亦復如是。
\n爾時純陀聞佛語已，舉聲啼哭，T12n0374_p0375a12悲咽而言：「苦哉，苦哉，世間空虛。」復白大眾：T12n0374_p0375a13「我等今者一切當共五體投地，同聲勸佛莫T12n0374_p0375a14般涅槃。」
\n爾時世尊復告純陀：「莫大啼哭，令心T12n0374_p0375a15顦悴。當觀是身，猶如芭蕉、熱時之炎、水泡、T12n0374_p0375a16幻化、乾闥婆城、坏器、電光，亦如畫水、臨死之T12n0374_p0375a17囚、熟果段肉，如織經盡，如碓上下，當觀諸行，T12n0374_p0375a18猶雜毒食，有為之法，多諸過患。」
\n於是純陀復T12n0374_p0375a19白佛言：「如來不欲久住於世，我當云何而不T12n0374_p0375a20啼泣？苦哉，苦哉，世間空虛。唯願世尊，憐愍T12n0374_p0375a21我等及諸眾生，久住於世，勿般涅槃。」
\n佛告純T12n0374_p0375a22陀：「汝今不應發如是言，憐愍我故，久住於世。T12n0374_p0375a23我以憐愍汝及一切，是故今欲入於涅槃。何T12n0374_p0375a24以故？諸佛法爾，有為亦然。是故諸佛而說T12n0374_p0375a25偈言：
\nT12n0374_p0375a26「純陀！汝今當觀一切行雜諸法，無我、無常、不T12n0374_p0375a29住，此身多有無量過患，猶如水泡，是故汝今T12n0374_p0375b01不應啼泣。」
\n爾時純陀復白佛言：「如是如是，T12n0374_p0375b02誠如尊教。雖知如來方便示現入於涅槃，而T12n0374_p0375b03我不能不懷苦惱，覆自思惟，復生慶悅。」
\n佛T12n0374_p0375b04讚純陀：「善哉，善哉！能知如來示同眾生，方便T12n0374_p0375b05涅槃。純陀！汝今當聽，如娑羅娑鳥，春陽之T12n0374_p0375b06月皆共集彼阿耨達池。諸佛亦爾，皆至是處。T12n0374_p0375b07純陀！汝今不應思惟諸佛長壽短壽，一切諸T12n0374_p0375b08法皆如幻相，如來在中以方便力無所染著。T12n0374_p0375b09何以故？諸佛法爾。純陀！我今受汝所獻供T12n0374_p0375b10養，為欲令汝度於生死諸有流故。若諸人、天T12n0374_p0375b11於此最後供養我者，悉皆當得不動果報，常T12n0374_p0375b12受安樂。何以故？我是眾生良福田故。汝若T12n0374_p0375b13復欲為諸眾生作福田者，速辦所施，不宜久T12n0374_p0375b14停。」
\n爾時純陀，為諸眾生得度脫故，低頭飲T12n0374_p0375b15淚而白佛言：「善哉，世尊！我若堪任為福田時，T12n0374_p0375b16則能了知如來涅槃及非涅槃。我等今者及T12n0374_p0375b17諸聲聞、緣覺智慧猶如蚊蟻，實不能量如來T12n0374_p0375b18涅槃及非涅槃。」
\n爾時純陀及其眷屬，愁憂啼T12n0374_p0375b19泣，圍遶如來，燒香散花，盡心敬奉。尋與文殊T12n0374_p0375b20從座而去，供辦食具。其去未久，是時此地六T12n0374_p0375b21種震動，乃至梵世亦復如是。地動有二，或有T12n0374_p0375b22地動，或大地動。小動者名為地動，大動者名T12n0374_p0375b23大地動。有小聲者名曰地動，有大聲者名大T12n0374_p0375b24地動。獨地動者名曰地動，山河樹木及大海T12n0374_p0375b25水一切動者，名大地動。一向動者名曰地動，T12n0374_p0375b26周迴旋轉名大地動。動名地動，動時能令眾T12n0374_p0375b27生心動名大地動。菩薩初從兜率天下閻浮T12n0374_p0375b28提時名大地動，從初生、出家、成阿耨多羅三T12n0374_p0375b29藐三菩提、轉於法輪及般涅槃名大地動。今T12n0374_p0375c01日如來將入涅槃，是故此地如是大動。
\n時諸T12n0374_p0375c02天、龍、乾闥婆、阿修羅、迦樓羅、緊那羅、摩睺羅伽、T12n0374_p0375c03人及非人，聞是語已，身毛皆豎，同聲哀泣，T12n0374_p0375c04而說偈言：
\nT12n0374_p0375c05「世尊！譬如國王，生育諸子，形貌端正，心常愛T12n0374_p0376a04念，先教伎藝，悉令通利，然後將付魁膾令殺。T12n0374_p0376a05世尊！我等今日為法王子，蒙佛教誨，以具T12n0374_p0376a06正見，願莫放捨；如其放捨，則同王子。唯願久T12n0374_p0376a07住，不入涅槃。世尊！譬如有人，善學諸論，復於T12n0374_p0376a08此論，而生怖畏。如來亦爾，通達諸法，而於諸T12n0374_p0376a09法，復生怖畏。若使如來久住於世，說甘露味，T12n0374_p0376a10充足一切，如是眾生則不復畏墮於地獄。世T12n0374_p0376a11尊！譬如有人，初學作務，為官所收，閉之囹圄。T12n0374_p0376a12有人問之：『汝受何事？』答曰：『我今受大憂苦，T12n0374_p0376a13若其得脫，則得安樂。』世尊亦爾，為我等故，修T12n0374_p0376a14諸苦行，我等今者，猶未得免生死苦惱，云何T12n0374_p0376a15如來得受安樂？世尊！譬如醫王，善解方藥，T12n0374_p0376a16偏以祕方教授其子，不教其餘外受學者。如T12n0374_p0376a17來亦爾，獨以甚深祕密之藏，偏教文殊，遺棄T12n0374_p0376a18我等，不見顧愍。如來於法應無慳悋，如彼醫T12n0374_p0376a19王偏教其子，不教外來諸受學者。彼醫所以T12n0374_p0376a20不能普教，情存勝負，故有祕惜。如來之心，終T12n0374_p0376a21無勝負，何故如是，不見教誨？唯願久住，莫般T12n0374_p0376a22涅槃。世尊！譬如老少、病苦之人，離於善徑，T12n0374_p0376a23行於險路，路險澁難，多受苦惱。更有異人，T12n0374_p0376a24見之憐愍，即便示以平坦好道。世尊！我亦T12n0374_p0376a25如是，所謂少者喻未增長法身之人，老者喻T12n0374_p0376a26重煩惱，病者喻未脫生死，險路者喻二十T12n0374_p0376a27五有。唯願如來，示導我等甘露正道，久住T12n0374_p0376a28於世，勿入涅槃。」
\nT12n0374_p0376a29爾時世尊告諸比丘：「汝等比丘，莫如凡夫、諸T12n0374_p0376b01天人等，愁憂啼哭；當勤精進，繫心正念。」時諸T12n0374_p0376b02天人、阿修羅等，聞佛所說，止不啼哭。猶如有T12n0374_p0376b03人，殯喪子已止不啼哭。
\n爾時世尊為諸大眾，T12n0374_p0376b04說是偈言：
\nT12n0374_p0376b05「復次比丘！若有疑念，今皆當問。若空、不空，T12n0374_p0376b10若常、無常，若苦、不苦，若依、非依，若去、不去，T12n0374_p0376b11若歸、非歸，若恒、非恒，若斷、若常，若眾生、非T12n0374_p0376b12眾生，若有、若無，若實、不實，若真、不真，若滅、T12n0374_p0376b13不滅，若密、不密，若二、不二，如是等種種法T12n0374_p0376b14中有所疑者，今應諮問，我當隨順為汝斷T12n0374_p0376b15之，亦當為汝先說甘露，然後乃當入於涅槃。T12n0374_p0376b16諸比丘！佛出世難，人身難得，值佛生信是事T12n0374_p0376b17亦難，能忍難忍是亦復難，成就禁戒具足無T12n0374_p0376b18缺、得阿羅漢果是事亦難，如求金沙優曇鉢T12n0374_p0376b19花。汝諸比丘！離於八難得人身難，汝等遇T12n0374_p0376b20我不應空過。我於往昔種種苦行，今得如是T12n0374_p0376b21無上方便，為汝等故，無量劫中捨身、手足、頭T12n0374_p0376b22目、髓腦，是故汝等不應放逸。汝等比丘！云何T12n0374_p0376b23莊嚴正法寶城，具足種種功德珍寶，戒、定、智T12n0374_p0376b24慧、以為牆塹埤堄？汝今遇是佛法寶城，不T12n0374_p0376b25應取此虛偽之物，譬如商主遇真寶城，取諸T12n0374_p0376b26瓦礫而便還家。汝亦如是，值遇寶城取虛偽T12n0374_p0376b27物。汝諸比丘！勿以下心，而生知足。汝等今T12n0374_p0376b28者雖得出家，於此大乘不生貪慕。汝諸T12n0374_p0376b29比丘！身雖得服袈裟染衣，其心猶未得染大T12n0374_p0376c01乘清淨之法。汝諸比丘！雖行乞食，經歷多處，T12n0374_p0376c02初未曾乞大乘法食。汝諸比丘！雖除鬚髮，未T12n0374_p0376c03為正法除諸結使。汝諸比丘！今當真實教勅T12n0374_p0376c04汝等，我今現在大眾和合，如來法性真實不T12n0374_p0376c05倒，是故汝等應當精進，攝心勇猛摧諸結使，T12n0374_p0376c06十力慧日既滅沒已，汝等當為無明所覆。
\n「諸T12n0374_p0376c07比丘！譬如大地、諸山、藥草為眾生用，我法亦T12n0374_p0376c08爾，出生妙善甘露法味，而為眾生種種煩惱T12n0374_p0376c09病之良藥。我今當令一切眾生，及以我子四T12n0374_p0376c10部之眾，悉皆安住祕密藏中，我亦復當安住T12n0374_p0376c11是中，入於涅槃。何等名為祕密之藏？猶如伊T12n0374_p0376c12字三點，若並則不成伊，縱亦不成；如摩醯首T12n0374_p0376c13羅面上三目，乃得成伊三點，若別亦不得成。T12n0374_p0376c14我亦如是，解脫之法亦非涅槃，如來之身亦T12n0374_p0376c15非涅槃，摩訶般若亦非涅槃，三法各異亦非T12n0374_p0376c16涅槃。我今安住如是三法，為眾生故，名入涅T12n0374_p0376c17槃，如世伊字。」
\nT12n0374_p0376c18爾時諸比丘聞佛世尊定當涅槃，皆悉憂愁，T12n0374_p0376c19身毛為豎，涕淚盈目，稽首佛足，遶無量匝，白T12n0374_p0376c20佛言：「世尊！快說無常、苦、空、無我。世尊！譬如一T12n0374_p0376c21切眾生跡中，象跡為上，是無常想亦復如是，T12n0374_p0376c22於諸想中最為第一。若有精勤修習之者，能T12n0374_p0376c23除一切欲界欲愛、色無色愛、無明憍慢及無常T12n0374_p0376c24想。世尊！如來若離無常想者，今則不應入T12n0374_p0376c25於涅槃。若不離者，云何說言修無常想，離三T12n0374_p0376c26界愛、無明、憍慢及無常想？世尊！譬如農夫，秋T12n0374_p0376c27月之時，深耕其地，能除穢草。是無常想亦復T12n0374_p0376c28如是，能除一切欲界欲愛、色無色愛、無明憍T12n0374_p0376c29慢及無常想。世尊！譬如耕田，秋耕為勝。如T12n0374_p0377a01諸跡中，象跡為勝。於諸想中，無常想為勝。T12n0374_p0377a02世尊！譬如帝王，知命將終，恩赦天下，獄囚繫T12n0374_p0377a03閉，悉令得脫，然後捨命。如來今者，亦應如是，T12n0374_p0377a04度諸眾生，一切無知、無明、繫閉，皆令解脫，然T12n0374_p0377a05後乃入於般涅槃。我等今者皆未得度，云何T12n0374_p0377a06如來便欲放捨，入於涅槃？世尊！譬如有人，為T12n0374_p0377a07鬼所持，遇良呪師，以呪力故，便得除差。如來T12n0374_p0377a08亦爾，為諸聲聞除無明鬼，令得安住摩訶般T12n0374_p0377a09若解脫等法，如世伊字。世尊！譬如香象，為人T12n0374_p0377a10所縛，雖有良師，不能禁制，䪺絕羈鎖，自恣T12n0374_p0377a11而去。我未如是脫五十七煩惱繫縛，云何如T12n0374_p0377a12來便欲放捨，入於涅槃？世尊！如人病瘧，值遇T12n0374_p0377a13良醫，所苦得除。我亦如是，多諸患苦，邪命熱T12n0374_p0377a14病，雖遇如來，病未除愈，未得無上安隱常樂。T12n0374_p0377a15云何如來便欲放捨，入於涅槃？世尊！譬如醉T12n0374_p0377a16人，不自覺知，不識親踈、母女、姊妹，迷荒婬亂，T12n0374_p0377a17言語放逸，臥糞穢中。時有良師，與藥令服，T12n0374_p0377a18服已吐酒，還自憶識，心懷慚愧，深自剋責，酒T12n0374_p0377a19為不善諸惡根本，若能除斷，則遠眾罪。世尊！T12n0374_p0377a20我亦如是，往昔已來，輪轉生死，情色所醉，T12n0374_p0377a21貪嗜五欲，非母母想、非姊姊想、非女女想，T12n0374_p0377a22於非眾生生眾生想，是故輪轉受生死苦，如T12n0374_p0377a23彼醉人臥糞穢中。如來今當施我法藥，令我T12n0374_p0377a24還吐煩惱惡酒，而我未得醒寤之心，云何T12n0374_p0377a25如來便欲放捨，入於涅槃？世尊！譬如有人，歎T12n0374_p0377a26芭蕉樹以為堅實，無有是處。世尊！眾生亦T12n0374_p0377a27爾，若歎我、人、眾生、壽命、養育、知見、作者、受者，T12n0374_p0377a28是真實者，亦無是處，我等如是修無我想。T12n0374_p0377a29世尊！譬如漿滓，無所復用；是身亦爾，無我、無T12n0374_p0377b01主。世尊！如七葉花無有香氣；是身亦爾，無T12n0374_p0377b02我、無主，我等如是，心常修習無我之想。如佛T12n0374_p0377b03所說：『一切諸法無我、我所，汝諸比丘應當修T12n0374_p0377b04習，如是修已，則除我慢，離我慢已，便入涅T12n0374_p0377b05槃。』世尊！譬如鳥跡，空中現者，無有是處。T12n0374_p0377b06有能修習無我想者，而有諸見，亦無是處。」
\nT12n0374_p0377b07爾時世尊讚諸比丘：「善哉，善哉！汝等善能修T12n0374_p0377b08無我想。」
\n時諸比丘即白佛言：「世尊！我等不T12n0374_p0377b09但修無我想，亦更修習其餘諸想，所謂苦T12n0374_p0377b10想、無常想、無我想。世尊！譬如人醉，其心愐T12n0374_p0377b11眩，見諸山河、石壁、草木、宮殿、屋舍、日月星辰，T12n0374_p0377b12皆悉迴轉。世尊！若有不修苦、無常想、無我等T12n0374_p0377b13想，如是之人不名為聖，多諸放逸，流轉生死。T12n0374_p0377b14世尊！以是因緣，我等善修如是諸想。」
\nT12n0374_p0377b15爾時佛告諸比丘：「諦聽，諦聽。汝向所引醉T12n0374_p0377b16人喻者，但知文字，未達其義。何等為義？如T12n0374_p0377b17彼醉人，見上日月，實非迴轉，生迴轉想。眾生T12n0374_p0377b18亦爾，為諸煩惱無明所覆，生顛倒心，我計無T12n0374_p0377b19我、常計無常、淨計不淨、樂計為苦，以為煩惱T12n0374_p0377b20之所覆故。雖生此想，不達其義，如彼醉人於T12n0374_p0377b21非轉處，而生轉想。我者即是佛義，常者是法T12n0374_p0377b22身義，樂者是涅槃義，淨者是法義。汝等比T12n0374_p0377b23丘！云何而言有我想者，憍慢貢高流轉生死？T12n0374_p0377b24汝等若言，我亦修習無常、苦、無我等想，T12n0374_p0377b25是三種修，無有實義。我今當說勝三修法，苦T12n0374_p0377b26者計樂、樂者計苦，是顛倒法。無常計常、常T12n0374_p0377b27計無常，是顛倒法。無我計我、我計無我，是T12n0374_p0377b28顛倒法。不淨計淨、淨計不淨，是顛倒法。有T12n0374_p0377b29如是等四顛倒法，是人不知正修諸法。
\n「汝諸T12n0374_p0377c01比丘，於苦法中生於樂想，於無常中生於常T12n0374_p0377c02想，於無我中生於我想，於不淨中生於淨想。T12n0374_p0377c03世間亦有常樂我淨，出世亦有常樂我淨。世T12n0374_p0377c04間法者有字無義，出世間者有字有義。何以T12n0374_p0377c05故？世間之法有四顛倒，故不知義。所以者何？T12n0374_p0377c06有想顛倒、心倒、見倒。以三倒故，世間之人，樂T12n0374_p0377c07中見苦、常見無常、我見無我、淨見不淨，是T12n0374_p0377c08名顛倒。以顛倒故，世間知字而不知義。何等T12n0374_p0377c09為義？無我者名為生死，我者名為如來；無T12n0374_p0377c10常者聲聞緣覺，常者如來法身；苦者一切外T12n0374_p0377c11道，樂者即是涅槃；不淨者即有為法，淨者T12n0374_p0377c12諸佛菩薩所有正法；是名不顛倒。以不倒故，T12n0374_p0377c13知字知義。若欲遠離四顛倒者，應知如是常、T12n0374_p0377c14樂、我、淨。」
\nT12n0374_p0377c15時諸比丘白佛言：「世尊！如佛所說離四倒者，T12n0374_p0377c16則得了知常、樂、我、淨。如來今者永無四倒，則T12n0374_p0377c17已了知常樂我淨。若已了知常樂我淨，何故T12n0374_p0377c18不住一劫半劫，教導我等，令離四倒，而見放T12n0374_p0377c19捨，欲入涅槃？如來若見顧念教勅，我當至心T12n0374_p0377c20頂受修習。如來若入於涅槃者，我等云何與T12n0374_p0377c21是毒身同共止住，修於梵行？我等亦當隨佛T12n0374_p0377c22世尊，入於涅槃。」
\n爾時佛告諸比丘：「汝等不應T12n0374_p0377c23作如是語，我今所有無上正法，悉以付囑摩T12n0374_p0377c24訶迦葉。是迦葉者，當為汝等作大依止，猶如T12n0374_p0377c25如來為諸眾生作依止處，摩訶迦葉亦復如T12n0374_p0377c26是，當為汝等作依止處。譬如大王，多所統領，T12n0374_p0377c27若遊巡時，悉以國事付囑大臣。如來亦爾，所T12n0374_p0377c28有正法，亦以付囑摩訶迦葉。汝等當知，先所T12n0374_p0377c29修習無常、苦想，非是真實。譬如春時，有諸人T12n0374_p0378a01等，在大池浴乘船遊戲，失琉璃寶，沒深水中。T12n0374_p0378a02是時諸人，悉共入水，求覓是寶，競捉瓦石、草T12n0374_p0378a03木、沙礫，各各自謂得琉璃珠，歡喜持出，乃知T12n0374_p0378a04非真。是時寶珠猶在水中，以珠力故，水皆澄T12n0374_p0378a05清。於是大眾乃見寶珠故在水下，猶如仰觀T12n0374_p0378a06虛空月形。是時眾中有一智人，以方便力，安T12n0374_p0378a07徐入水，即便得珠。汝等比丘，不應如是修習T12n0374_p0378a08無常、苦、無我想、不淨想等，以為實義，如彼諸T12n0374_p0378a09人，各以瓦石、草木、沙礫而為寶珠。汝等應當T12n0374_p0378a10善學方便，在在處處常修我想、常、樂、淨想。復T12n0374_p0378a11應當知，先所修習四法相貌，悉是顛倒。欲得T12n0374_p0378a12真實修諸想者，如彼智人巧出寶珠，所謂：我T12n0374_p0378a13想，常、樂、淨想。」
\n爾時諸比丘白佛言：「世尊！如佛T12n0374_p0378a14先說：『諸法無我，汝當修學！修學是已，則離我T12n0374_p0378a15想；離我想者，則離憍慢；離憍慢者，得入涅槃。』T12n0374_p0378a16是義云何？」
\nT12n0374_p0378a17佛告諸比丘：「善哉，善哉！汝今善能諮問是義，T12n0374_p0378a18為自斷疑。譬如國王，闇鈍少智，有一醫師，性T12n0374_p0378a19復頑嚚，而王不別，厚賜俸祿，療治眾病純以T12n0374_p0378a20乳藥，亦復不知病起根原，雖知乳藥復不善T12n0374_p0378a21解，或有風病、冷病、熱病、一切諸病，悉教服乳。T12n0374_p0378a22是王不別，是醫知乳好醜、善惡。復有明醫曉T12n0374_p0378a23八種術，善療眾病，知諸方藥，從遠方來。是T12n0374_p0378a24時舊醫不知諮受，反生貢高輕慢之心。彼時T12n0374_p0378a25明醫，即便依附，請以為師，諮受醫方祕奧之T12n0374_p0378a26法，語舊醫言：『我今請仁以為師範，唯願為我T12n0374_p0378a27宣暢解說。』舊醫答言：『卿今若能為我給使T12n0374_p0378a28四十八年，然後乃當教汝醫法。』時彼明醫T12n0374_p0378a29即受其教：『我當如是，我當如是，隨我所能，T12n0374_p0378b01當給走使。』是時舊醫，即將客醫共入見王。是T12n0374_p0378b02時客醫，即為王說種種醫方及餘伎藝：『大王T12n0374_p0378b03當知，應善分別，此法如是，可以治國；此法如T12n0374_p0378b04是，可以療病。』爾時國王聞是語已，方知舊醫T12n0374_p0378b05癡騃無智，即便驅逐，令出國界，然後倍復恭T12n0374_p0378b06敬客醫。是時客醫作是念言：『欲教王者，今正T12n0374_p0378b07是時。』即語王言：『大王於我實愛念者，當求T12n0374_p0378b08一願。』王即答言：『從此右臂及餘身分，隨意所T12n0374_p0378b09求，一切相與。』彼客醫言：『王雖許我一切身分，T12n0374_p0378b10然我不敢多有所求。今所求者，願王宣令，一T12n0374_p0378b11切國內，從今已往，不得復服舊醫乳藥。所以T12n0374_p0378b12者何？是藥毒害，多傷損故。若故服者當斬T12n0374_p0378b13其首。斷乳藥已，終更無有橫死之人，常處安T12n0374_p0378b14樂，故求是願。』時王答言：『汝之所求，蓋不足T12n0374_p0378b15言。』尋為宣令：『一切國內，有病之人，皆悉不聽T12n0374_p0378b16以乳為藥，若為藥者，當斬其首。』爾時客醫以T12n0374_p0378b17種種味和合眾藥，謂辛、苦、醎、甜、醋等味，以療T12n0374_p0378b18眾病，無不得差。其後不久，王復得病，即命是T12n0374_p0378b19醫：『我今病重，困苦欲死，當云何治？』醫占王病，T12n0374_p0378b20應用乳藥，尋白王言：『如王所患，應當服乳。我T12n0374_p0378b21於先時，所斷乳藥，是大妄語。今若服者，最能T12n0374_p0378b22除病，王今患熱，正應服乳。』時王語醫：『汝今狂T12n0374_p0378b23耶？為熱病乎？而言服乳，能除此病。汝先言T12n0374_p0378b24毒，今云何服？欲欺我耶？先醫所讚，汝言是T12n0374_p0378b25毒，令我驅遣。今復言好，最能除病。如汝所T12n0374_p0378b26言，我本舊醫，定為勝汝。』是時客醫復語王言：T12n0374_p0378b27『王今不應作如是語，如虫食木，有成字者，此T12n0374_p0378b28虫不知是字非字；智人見之，終不唱言是虫T12n0374_p0378b29解字，亦不驚怪。大王當知，舊醫亦爾，不別T12n0374_p0378c01諸病，悉與乳藥，如彼虫道，偶成於字。是先舊T12n0374_p0378c02醫，不解乳藥好醜、善惡。』時王問言：『云何不解？』T12n0374_p0378c03客醫答王：『是乳藥者，亦是毒害，亦是甘露。T12n0374_p0378c04云何是乳復名甘露？若是牸牛，不食酒糟、滑T12n0374_p0378c05草、麥䴬，其犢調善，放牧之處不在高原，亦不T12n0374_p0378c06下濕，飲以清流，不令馳走，不與特牛同共一T12n0374_p0378c07群，飲餧調適，行住得所。如是乳者，能除諸病，T12n0374_p0378c08是則名為甘露妙藥。除是乳已，其餘一切皆T12n0374_p0378c09名毒害。』爾時大王聞是語已，讚言大醫：『善T12n0374_p0378c10哉，善哉！我從今日，始知乳藥善惡、好醜。』即便T12n0374_p0378c11服之，病得除愈。尋時宣令一切國內，從今已T12n0374_p0378c12往當服乳藥。國人聞之皆生瞋恨，咸相謂言：T12n0374_p0378c13『大王今者為鬼所持，為狂顛耶？而誑我等，復T12n0374_p0378c14令服乳。』一切人民，皆懷瞋恨，悉集王所。王言：T12n0374_p0378c15『汝等不應於我而生瞋恨，而此乳藥服與不T12n0374_p0378c16服，悉是醫教，非是我咎。』爾時大王及諸人民，T12n0374_p0378c17踊躍歡喜，倍共恭敬，供養是醫。一切病者皆T12n0374_p0378c18服乳藥，病悉除愈。
\n「汝等比丘！當知如來、應、正T12n0374_p0378c19遍知、明行足、善逝、世間解、無上士、調御丈夫、天T12n0374_p0378c20人師、佛、世尊，亦復如是，為大醫王，出現於世，T12n0374_p0378c21降伏一切外道邪醫，諸王眾中唱如是言：『我T12n0374_p0378c22為醫王。』欲伏外道，故唱是言：『無我、無人、眾生、T12n0374_p0378c23壽命、養育、知見、作者、受者。』比丘當知，是諸外T12n0374_p0378c24道所言我者，如虫食木，偶成字耳。是故如T12n0374_p0378c25來於佛法中，唱言無我，為調眾生故、為知時T12n0374_p0378c26故，說是無我。有因緣故，亦說有我。如彼良醫，T12n0374_p0378c27善知於乳是藥非藥，非如凡夫所計吾我。凡T12n0374_p0378c28夫愚人所計我者，或言大如拇指、或如芥T12n0374_p0378c29子、或如微塵；如來說我悉不如是，是故說T12n0374_p0379a01言，諸法無我，實非無我。何者是我？若法是T12n0374_p0379a02實、是真、是常、是主、是依、性不變易者，是名T12n0374_p0379a03為我。如彼大醫善解乳藥，如來亦爾，為眾T12n0374_p0379a04生故，說諸法中真實有我。汝等四眾，應當如T12n0374_p0379a05是修習是法。」
\nT12n0374_p0379a06大般涅槃經卷第二
\n【經文資訊】大正新脩大藏經 第 12 冊 No. 374 大般涅槃經
\n【版本記錄】發行日期：2026-08，最後更新：2026-07-13
\n【編輯說明】本資料庫由 財團法人佛教電子佛典基金會（CBETA）依「大正新脩大藏經」所編輯
\n【原始資料】蕭鎮國大德提供，維習安大德提供之高麗藏 CD 經文，李鑫森提供新式標點，以及其他來源
\n【其他事項】詳細說明請參閱【財團法人佛教電子佛典基金會資料庫版權宣告】\n